When does an investigative stop become a seizure akin to an arrest?

An investigative stop transforms into a seizure equivalent to an arrest when certain conditions are met, as outlined in the choices provided.

The first factor is the duration of the stop. When an officer detains an individual for an extended period without sufficient justification, the stop can be considered a seizure. The law requires that such stops be conducted within a reasonable timeframe necessary to complete the investigation.

Secondly, the nature and intensity of questioning play a critical role. If the officer's questioning escalates to become intense, confrontational, or hostile, it can create an atmosphere that pressures the individual, effectively restricting their freedom to leave. Such aggressive tactics can lead to a scenario where the individual no longer feels free to exit the encounter.

Lastly, significant restraint on an individual's freedom to leave, conveyed through the officer's actions or demeanor, also signals that the stop has escalated to a seizure. This can include actions like blocking an individual's path, using a commanding tone, or displaying weapons, which unmistakably limit the person's ability to leave voluntarily.

Each of these components contributes to the understanding of when an investigative stop transitions into a seizure akin to an arrest, underscoring that it's not just one factor but often a combination that leads to such a determination. Therefore, recognizing