What term is used for a minor offense that is typically punishable by fines or short jail terms?

The term that refers to a minor offense typically punishable by fines or short jail terms is "misdemeanor." Misdemeanors are considered less serious than felonies, which are more severe crimes that can lead to longer prison sentences and more significant penalties. In many jurisdictions, misdemeanors can result in sentences that do not exceed a year in jail, and they often carry fines as well.

This classification allows for a differentiation in the legal system between serious criminal behavior and less serious violations. Infraction refers to even less serious offenses that are generally punishable by only fines and no jail time, while a violation can sometimes refer to breaking rules or regulations that may not necessarily fall under criminal laws. Thus, in the context of the question, "misdemeanor" accurately encapsulates the nature of the minor offense described.