Before what action can probable cause be established?

Probable cause is a legal standard that is crucial for justifying certain law enforcement actions, particularly the arrest of an individual. This standard requires that there be sufficient facts or evidence to lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed, or that a particular individual is involved in criminal activity.

When considering the context of arrests, it is important to understand that probable cause must be established prior to making an arrest. This means that law enforcement officers need to gather enough evidence or information that reasonably supports the belief that the person they intend to arrest has committed an offense.

While investigation and interrogation may occur in the process of gathering information, these actions themselves do not necessarily require established probable cause in the way that an arrest does. An investigation can begin with less than probable cause, often starting with reasonable suspicion or information that warrants further inquiry. Similarly, interrogations can happen without probable cause as officers may seek to develop more information about a suspect's involvement in a crime.

Thus, the correct answer reflects the necessity of having probable cause firmly established before proceeding with an arrest, highlighting its role as a protective measure against unlawful detainment and ensuring that individuals' rights are safeguarded within the justice system.