A confession may be excluded from evidence if which of the following conditions are met?

A confession may be excluded from evidence under certain conditions that compromise its validity. The correct answer indicates that any of the provided conditions can lead to the exclusion of a confession.

If Miranda rights were not knowingly waived, it signifies that the individual did not fully understand their rights before providing a confession. This lack of understanding can result in a confession being deemed inadmissible, as law enforcement is obligated to ensure that individuals are aware of their rights to silence and legal counsel.

Coercion is another significant factor that would invalidate a confession. If the confession was obtained under duress or through intimidation, it undermines the voluntary nature of the statement. The legal system requires that confessions be given freely and voluntarily, and coercive tactics can compromise that integrity.

Additionally, if threats or promises were made by officers to elicit a confession, this can also render that confession inadmissible. Such conduct can create an environment where the individual may feel compelled to confess, regardless of the truthfulness of the statement, thus violating the principles of voluntary confession.

Therefore, because each of these factors—lack of a knowing waiver of rights, coercion, and improper inducements—affects the validity of a confession, any one of them being present can justify the